PRINCIPLES OF DIABETES MELLITUS: A Clinical Reference on Endocrinology, Insulin Therapy, Glycemic Control, Diabetic Complications, Patient Management, and Evidence-Based Treatment for All Types

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most complex and consequential conditions in modern medicine. Whether you are a medical student building your foundation, a nurse practitioner managing patients daily, a pharmacist counseling on drug interactions, or a physician seeking a single authoritative reference that brings everything together, this textbook was written for you.Principles of Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Reference on Endocrinology, Insulin Therapy, Glycemic Control, Diabetic Complications, Patient Management, and Evidence-Based Treatment for All Types spans 280 pages of meticulously organized clinical knowledge. From the earliest ancient descriptions of the disease to the cutting-edge science of continuous glucose monitoring, closed-loop insulin delivery, stem cell-derived beta-cell therapy, and precision medicine, every chapter is designed to build mastery rather than simply present facts.This book opens with a rich historical journey through three thousand years of diabetes research, tracing how insulin was discovered, how classification systems evolved, and how landmark trials like the DCCT and UKPDS changed modern glycemic targets forever. The pathophysiology chapters take readers deep into the autoimmune destruction behind Type 1 diabetes, the progressive beta-cell failure driving Type 2, and the molecular insulin resistance pathways that connect adipose tissue, the liver, and skeletal muscle. Normal glucose metabolism and endocrine pancreas physiology are covered in a dedicated chapter so clinicians understand exactly what is disrupted in disease.Screening, diagnosis, glycemic monitoring, and interpretation of HbA1c are covered with the rigor that clinical practice demands, including guidance on borderline and discordant results and special population screening. The pharmacology chapters walk through every major drug class, from metformin and sulfonylureas to GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and the full spectrum of insulin formulations, basal-bolus regimens, and insulin pump therapy. Acute complications including diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and severe hypoglycemia are addressed with pathophysiology, clinical recognition, and management protocols. Chronic complications covering retinopathy, kidney disease, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic foot disease are examined in depth.Gestational diabetes, diabetes in pregnancy, pediatric and adolescent diabetes, older adults, mental health comorbidities, ethnicity and health equity, diabetes in low-resource settings, and perioperative management each receive dedicated coverage that goes far beyond what a general medical textbook provides. The psychosocial dimensions of living with diabetes, including diabetes distress, burnout, fear of hypoglycemia, and self-management education, are treated as the clinical priorities they are.Integrated throughout are full-color infographics, pharmacokinetic charts, clinical decision tables, and referenced data from the IDF Diabetes Atlas, American Diabetes Association standards, WHO guidelines, and landmark randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive glossary, clinical practice guidelines reference, drug reference tables, bibliography, and subject index complete this resource.This is the reference that healthcare professionals reach for when they need accurate, current, and complete information on diabetes care in one place.DISCLAIMER: This book is intended for educational and professional reference purposes only. The information contained herein does not constitute medical advice and should not replace the clinical judgment of a qualified healthcare professional. Readers should always consult current clinical guidelines and institutional protocols before making treatment decisions. Read more